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homer
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« on: November 06, 2008, 13:59:02 »

道格玛95(Dogma 95或者Dogme 95)是一场由丹麦导演拉斯·冯·提尔(Lars von Trier),托马斯·温特伯格(Thomas Vinterberg),克里斯汀·莱文( Kristian Levring)和Soren Kragh-Jacobsen于1995年发起的电影运动,这个运动有时被称为道格玛95共同体。这个共同体的目标是在电影摄制中灌输朴素感觉,和后期制作修改及其他发明的自由。强调电影构成的纯粹性并聚焦于真实的故事和演员的表演本身。对于欣赏这个电影的人来说,因为意识到没有过度的人工痕迹而最终更加关心故事本身的情节和发展。为了进一步实现这个目标,冯·提尔和温特伯格发展出了道格玛电影必须遵循的十条规则,这些规则被称为纯洁誓言(Vow of Chastity又称道格玛宣言)全文如下:

纯洁誓言

我宣誓服从下列道格玛95起草和通过的规则:

  1)影片必须就地取材,任何道具、场景都不能准备(如果某件特殊道具必须使用,那么只能找原本就有该道具的地方进行拍摄)。
  2)声音不能与影像脱离制作,反之亦然(不能使用音乐,除非拍摄现场自然出现)。
  3)摄影机必须是手提拍摄,所有因此带来的画面震颤可以接受。
  4)影片必须是彩色的,不能使用特殊光源(如果自然光太暗,最大限度是可以将一盏灯连在摄影机上,如果仍无效,该场景必须被删除)。
  5)不得使用视觉效果和滤镜。
  6)影片不得含有任何动作片元素(杀戮、武器等等)。
  7)任何时间与地理的关联都不允许(即影片必须是此时此地)。
  8)类型电影不能拍。
  9)影片必须用“Academy 35毫米”拍摄。
  10)导演的名字不得出现在演职员表中。
  作为导演,我发誓不在影片中添加个人口味,我不再是艺术家。我发誓克制去创造一件"作品",我的工作就是从演员和现场中找到真实的力量,哪怕有再好的品味、再好的创意,也要为真实让路。因此,我作以上“Dogma誓言”
                                       
1995年3月13日,哥本哈根


Dogme 95 or Dogma 95 is an avant-garde filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg with the signing of the Dogme 95 Manifesto and the "Vow of Chastity". They were later joined by fellow Danish directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, to form a group sometimes known as the Dogme 95 Collective or the Dogme Brethren.

Goals and rules

The goal of the Dogme collective is to purify filmmaking by refusing expensive and spectacular special effects, postproduction modifications and other gimmicks. The emphasis on purity forces the filmmakers to focus on the actual story and on the actors' performances. The audience may also be more engaged as they do not have overproduction to alienate them from the narrative, themes, and mood. To this end, Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg produced ten rules to which any Dogme film must conform. These rules, referred to as the "Vow of Chastity," are as follows:


Vow of Chastity

"I swear to submit to the following set of rules drawn up and confirmed by DOGME 95:

1.    Shooting must be done on location. Props and sets must not be brought in (if a particular prop is necessary for the story, a location must be chosen where this prop is to be found).
2.    The sound must never be produced apart from the images or vice versa. (Music must not be used unless it occurs where the scene is being shot).
3.    The camera must be hand-held. Any movement or immobility attainable in the hand is permitted. (The film must not take place where the camera is standing; shooting must take place where the film takes place).
4.    The film must be in colour. Special lighting is not acceptable. (If there is too little light for exposure the scene must be cut or a single lamp be attached to the camera).
5.    Optical work and filters are forbidden.
6.    The film must not contain superficial action. (Murders, weapons, etc. must not occur.)
7.    Temporal and geographical alienation are forbidden. (That is to say that the film takes place here and now.)
8.    Genre movies are not acceptable.
9.    The film format must be Academy 35 mm.
10.    The director must not be credited.

Furthermore I swear as a director to refrain from personal taste! I am no longer an artist. I swear to refrain from creating a "work", as I regard the instant as more important than the whole. My supreme goal is to force the truth out of my characters and settings. I swear to do so by all the means available and at the cost of any good taste and any aesthetic considerations.
Thus I make my VOW OF CHASTITY."
      
Copenhagen, Monday 13 March 1995

On behalf of DOGME 95






哥本哈根 1995年3月13日 星期一 代表道格玛95共同体所有成员 拉斯·冯·提尔 托马斯·温特伯格

应该指出从第一部道格玛影片开始,这些规则就有的被遵循有的被打破了。例如在白痴(The Idiots)中,一位音乐人另外提供了背景音乐。托马斯·温特伯格也承认拍摄"庆祝"(Festen,另译"那一个晚上"或"家变")的一个场景时掩盖了一个窗户,并且用了道具和特殊的灯光。正如道格玛95的官方网站所说,这得看电影导演如何解释这些规则。

在一些例子中,道格玛电影的名字是多余的,因为它们也是用编号来称呼的。道格玛精神在拉斯·冯·提尔的乘风破浪中有所体现。第一部道格玛电影是托马斯·温特伯格1998年摄制的"庆祝"。也被称为道格玛1号。"庆祝"赢得了评论界的一片喝彩,并赢得了年度戛纳电影节评审团大奖。拉斯·冯·提尔的第一部道格玛电影白痴(Idioterne,The Idiots或者道格玛2号)不是很成功。从这两部电影面世开始,其他导演也参与到了道格玛电影的创作中。例如美国导演Harmony Korine创作了Julien Donkey-Boy也称为道格玛6号。

一个与此有关的叫作新清教徒(New Puritans)的英国文学运动,在小说创作上主张相近的价值取向。
« Last Edit: November 06, 2008, 14:12:10 by homer » Report to moderator   Logged

七十詞 - 唐寅(1470-1523)
人生七十古稀,我年七十為奇,前十年幼小,後十年衰老;
中間止有五十年,一半又在夜裡過了。
算來止有二十五年在世,受盡多少奔波煩惱。
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